spaceports and launch complexes
This is a list of the world’s spaceports, organized by country, each with a list
of their active or recently active launchpads, including those being worked on
for future use. We omit pads used only for suborbital launches. The
year given is for the site’s first attempted launch of an orbital rocket.
RUSSIAN AND FORMER SOVIET LAUNCH COMPLEXES
Kazakhstan
Baikonur (Байқоңыр) Cosmodrome, 1957:
| 1/5 | Soyuz — "Gagarin’s Start" (retired 2019) |
| 31/6 | Soyuz (including crewed) |
| 45/1 | Zenit (past), Soyuz-5 |
| 81/24 | Proton |
| 175/59 | Rokot (past?) |
| 200/39 | Proton |
| (there are dozens of inactive and suborbital pads,
such as 110/37 for N1 and Energia) |
European Russia
Kapustin Yar (Капустин Яр) Cosmodrome,
Astrakhan Oblast, 1962:
inactive for orbital use (launched Kosmos)
Plesetsk (Плесецк) Cosmodrome, Arkhangelsk Oblast, 1966:
| 16/2 | Soyuz |
| 35/1 | Angara |
| 43/3 | Soyuz |
| 43/4 | Soyuz |
| 133/3 | Rokot (past) |
Yasny (Я́сный) Launch Base,
Dombarovsky Air Base, Orenburg Oblast, 2006:
inactive (launched Dnipr)
Russian Far East
Svobodny (Свобо́дный) Cosmodrome,
Amur Oblast, 1997:
inactive and closed (launched Start — Rokot pad never used)
Vostochny (Восточный) Cosmodrome, Amur Oblast, 2016:
| 1S | Soyuz 2 |
| 1A | Angara |
| 2A | Amur (future) |
| PU 3 | future super-heavy? (pad name is temporary?) |
| (20 miles NE of Svobodny... four more pads eventually planned) |
ocean
Sea Launch Consortium, 1999:
| LP Odyssey | Zenit (past), ...seeking future rocket |
UNITED STATES LAUNCH COMPLEXES:
Florida
Cape Canaveral Space Force Station / Patrick Space Force Base, 1958:
| SLC-13 | Atlas (past), Vaya Dauntless (future), Phantom Daytona (future) |
| SLC-14 | Atlas (including Mercury, past), Stoke Nova (future) |
| SLC-16 | suborbital (past), Terran |
| SLC-36A | Atlas (also 36B, past), New Glenn |
| SLC-37B | Saturn I (past), Delta IV and Heavy (past), Starship (future) |
| SLC-40 | Titan (past), Falcon 9 |
| SLC-41 | Titan (past), Atlas V, Vulcan |
| SLC-46 | Atlas (past), Astra (past), Minotaur — leased by Space Florida |
John F. Kennedy Space Center (adjoining Cape Canaveral), 1967:
| SLC-39A | Saturn and Shuttle (past), Falcon 9 (including crewed) and
Falcon Heavy (phasing out?), Starship (future) |
| SLC-39B | Saturn and Shuttle (past), SLS |
| SLC-39C | unknown (future) — built for Electron but not used |
| SLC-48 | unknown (future) |
California
Vandenberg Space Force Base, 1959:
| SLC-2W | Thor (past), Delta II (past), Alpha, Eclipse (future) |
| SLC-3E | Atlas V (past), Vulcan (future) |
| SLC-4E | Atlas and Titan (past), Falcon 9 |
| SLC-6 | Athena (past), Delta IV and Heavy (past),
Falcon 9 and Heavy (future) |
| SLC-8 | Minotaur |
| SLC-14 | not yet built — New Glenn (future) |
| LC-576E | Minotaur-C |
Mojave Air and Space Port (near Edwards Air Force Base), 2020:
| runway | LauncherOne (past), Stratolaunch (future?) |
| (Pegasi have been launched from an Edwards runway,
among many other sites) |
Virginia
Wallops Flight Facility, 1961:
inactive for orbital launches (launched Scout)
Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport (leased from Wallops Flight Facility), 2006:
| LP-0A | Conestoga (once), Antares, Alpha (future), Eclipse (future) |
| LP-0B | Minotaur |
| LC-2 | Electron |
| LC-3 | Neutron (future) |
Alaska
Pacific Spaceport Complex, Kodiak Island, 2001:
| LP-1 | Athena (past), Minotaur |
| LP-3B | Astra (past) |
| LP-3C | RS1 (past) |
Marshall Islands
Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site, Kwajalein Atoll, 2006:
| Omelek | Falcon 1 (past) |
| runway | Pegasus (past) |
| (many suborbital pads) |
Texas
SpaceX Starbase (near Boca Chica), 2023:
| Pad 1 | Starship (past) |
| Pad 2 | Starship |
| (two suborbital pads have been removed) |
Blue Origin Launch Site One (near Van Horn):
will probably remain suborbital only
New Mexico
Spaceport America (adjacent to White Sands Missile Range):
only suborbital so far (including SpaceShipTwo, which mostly used Mojave)
CHINESE LAUNCH COMPLEXES:
Gobi Desert
Jiǔquán (酒泉) Satellite Launch Center, Inner Mongolia, 1970:
| 91 “SLS-1” | Long March 2F including Shenjian (crewed) |
| 94 “SLS-2” | Long March 2C, 2D, 4C |
| 95A (TEL) | Kuaizhou 1 and 1A |
| 95B (TEL) | Kaituozhe 2 (past?), Kuaizhou 11, Long March 11, LandSpace 1,
OS-M, Smart Dragon 1, Hyperbola 1, Ceres 1 |
| 96 | LandSpace-2 |
| 120 (TEL) | Tianlong-2 |
| 130 | Lijian 1 |
| (“TEL” means a transporter-erector-launcher truck...
there are also many disused and suborbital pads) |
interior mountains
Tàiyuán (太原) Satellite Launch Center, Shanxi province, 1979:
| LC-7 | Long March 2C, 4A, 4B, 4C |
| LC-9 | Long March 2C, 4B, 4C |
| LC-9A | Long March 6A |
| LC-16 | Long March 6, Kuaizhou 1A (TEL?) |
Xīchāng ( 西昌) Satellite Launch Center, Sichuan province, 1984:
| LC-2 | Long March 2E (past), 3A, 3B, 3C |
| LC-3 | Long March 2C, 2D, 3, 3A, 3B, 3C, 4C |
| LC-4 (TEL) | Kuaizhou 1A, Long March 11 |
coastal
Wénchāng (文昌) Space Launch Site, Hainan Island, 2016:
| LC-101 | Long March 5 and 5B |
| LC-201 | Long March 7, 7A, 8 |
| LC-??? | Long March 10 (future) — under construction |
| (additional pads planned) |
Wénchāng Commercial Launch Site (adjoining), 2024:
| Pad 1 | Long March 8 |
| Pad 2 | LandSpace 3, XLV, Nebula, Tianlong, many others (all future) |
ocean
Tai Rui and other barges, 2019:
| (TEL) | Long March 11H, Smart Dragon 3, Ceres |
| (they just roll a transporter-erector-launcher onto any old barge deck?) |
OTHER ACTIVE LAUNCH COMPLEXES:
France / European Space Agency
Interarmy Special Vehicles Test Centre (near Hammaguir, Algeria), 1965:
inactive (launched Diamant)
Guiana Space Centre (near Kourou, French Guiana), 1970:
| ELV | Ariane 1, 2, 3 (past), Vega |
| ELS | Soyuz (past), Maia (future) |
| ELA-3 | Ariane 5 (past) |
| ELA-4 | Ariane 6 |
| ELM-Diamant | RFA-1, Miura, maybe more (all future) |
Japan
Uchinoura (内之浦) Space Center, Kagoshima Prefecture, 1970:
| Mu | Mu (past), Epsilon |
| (four inactive and suborbital pads) |
Tanegashima (種子島) Space Center, Tanegashima Island, 1994:
| Yoshinobu 1 | H-II (past), H-IIA |
| Yoshinobu 2 | H-IIB (past), H-3 |
India
Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota Island, 1979:
| First LP | PSLV, GSLV (past), SSLV, SkyRoot Vikram |
| Second LP | PSLV, GSLV, LVM 3 (including future crewed) |
unnamed in Kulasekaranpattinam, Tamil Nadu
under construction
Israel
Palmachim (פַּלְמַחִים) Airbase, 1988:
Brazil
Alcântara Space Center, 1997:
| VLS Pad | VLS (three attempts... future?) |
| Universal | (open for international customers) |
| (new) | Hanbit |
| (attempting to resume orbital activity after two decades of being suborbital only) |
Iran
Semnan (سمنان) Space Center, 2008:
| Circular LP | Safir, Zuljanah |
| Main LP | Simorgh |
unknown military base (Qom?) in or near Semnan, 2020:
North Korea
Tonghae (동해) Satellite Launching Ground, 2009:
| (unnamed) | Unha (one attempt only) |
Sohae (서해) Satellite Launching Station, 2012:
| main pad | Unha (past?)... “new-type” kerosene rocket? |
| small pad | Chollima |
| (the names Tonghae and Sohae just mean East Sea and West Sea,
being on opposite coasts) |
South Korea
Naro (나로) Space Center, 2009:
| LC-1 | Naro-1 (past), SSLV (future) |
| LC-2 | Nuri |
New Zealand
Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1, Māhia Peninsula, 2017:
| Pad A | Electron |
| Pad B | Electron |
Australia
RAAF Woomera Range Complex, South Australia, 1969:
now suborbital only (launched Britain’s Black Arrow)
Bowen Orbital Spaceport, Queensland, 2025:
Arnhem Space Centre, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory:
shutting down after a few suborbital flights (planned to launch Phantom)
Whalers Bay Orbital Launch Complex, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia (planned):
| Pad 1 | Blue Whale (future) |
Space Centre Australia, Cape York Peninsula, Queensland (planned):
| (no orbital customers identified) |
NATIONS DEVELOPING LAUNCH COMPLEXES:
Sweden
Esrange Space Center:
| (unnamed) | RFA One, Alpha, Themis (all future) |
| (various suborbital pads) |
Norway
Andøya Space:
| (unnamed) | Isar Spectrum, RFA One (future) |
| (six suborbital pads) |
Britain
Spaceport Cornwall:
(this is just Newquay Airport — LauncherOne attempted once)
SaxaVord Spaceport, Unst (Shetland Islands), Scotland:
| Fredo | RFA One, Skyrora, HyImpulse (all future) — ABL RS1 was previously included |
Sutherland Spaceport, A’ Mhòine Peninsula, Scotland:
(construction “paused”)
Spain
El Hierro Launch Centre, Canary Islands (planned):
| (unnamed) | Miura, Bloostar (all future) |
Portugal
Azores International Satellite Launch Programme (temporary name), Santa Maria Island (planned):
| (unnamed) | Prime, others (all future) |
